It’s perfectly normal to face adversity and not know how to react. (Maybe we don’t even know how to define how we feel about it) Ludwig Wittgenstein wants to help us: Wittgenstein was a disciple of Bertrand Russell, who pushed login into him with the same subtlety of Pulp Fiction’s adrenaline injection. (And Ludwig’s reaction was similar): Language is made of * propositions *. For example, “Lasagna makes you fat”. There is a problem: Wittgenstein argued that only the propositions that we can verify empirically (through our experience) as ‘true’ or ‘false’ are valid. Therefore, concepts such as moral, ethics and ... [keep reading...]

How many rules should we obey on a daily basis? Hundreds; Maybe thousands. They are necessary to live together, but which ones do we impose ourselves? Nietzsche has a couple of things to say about it: We can rest assured that this philosopher had a poster of Schopenhauer in his room, much like having one of Ozzy Osbourne. Of course, he studied in depth that “Will and Representation”, that the famous pessimist wrote; The duality of our world. Then he noticed a pattern: Plato spoke of a ‘real’ world (which we could only grasp with our intellect) and an ‘apparent’ world, which ... [keep reading...]

"There is no destiny, only the one we forge." Sarah Connor's statement has fascinated me since 1991 when she engraved it with a knife like a bored teenager in class. However, certain terms and conditions apply: Sometimes, take bold actions does not mean exactly what we imagine. An example: Reviewing the assignments of our courses, I noticed the anecdote of one of our participants in an airport. In this particular case, an immigration official was reluctant to accept his transit through the country, despite having his documents in order. If it was Sarah Connor, things would have escalated... rather quickly. But ... [keep reading...]